污油泥處理的主要特征是什么？（What are the main characteristics of sludge treatment?）

污油泥處理是指油田在生產(chǎn)過程當中原油開采、儲存、集水、加工、原油采收期處理過程當中產(chǎn)生的泥漿。以含有原油或原油的部分成分而聞名。主要分為落地油泥、罐油泥、浮選碎屑等。 Sludge treatment refers to the mud produced in the process of crude oil exploitation, storage, water collection, processing and crude oil recovery. Known to contain crude oil or parts of crude oil. It is mainly divided into landing sludge, tank sludge, flotation debris and so on. ? 污油泥處理的主要特征是什么？ 去除含油廢水中的油分，使水質(zhì)達到排放標準的工藝。發(fā)電廠的油污水主要有油罐集體排水、油罐排水、裝卸臺清洗水、油泵室排水、輸油管道清洗排水、主要工廠汽輪機和旋轉(zhuǎn)機械軸承油系統(tǒng)排水、油罐區(qū)降雨排水、地面清洗水等。油分含量約為600 ~ 10000mg/l。石油污水排入河流、湖泊或海灣后，水會受到污染，影響水生生物的生存。用于農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉會堵塞土壤的空隙，阻礙農(nóng)作物的生長。因此，含油廢水需要處理才能排出。 ?What are the main characteristics of sludge treatment? The process of removing oil from oily wastewater so that the water quality meets the discharge standard. The oil sewage of power plant mainly includes collective drainage of oil tank, drainage of oil tank, cleaning water of loading and unloading platform, drainage of oil pump room, cleaning and drainage of oil pipeline, drainage of steam turbine and bearing oil system of rotating machinery in main factories, rainfall drainage of oil tank area, ground cleaning water and so on. The oil content is about 600 ~ 10000mg/ L. When oil wastewater is discharged into rivers, lakes or bays, the water will be polluted and aquatic life will be affected. Agricultural irrigation can clog up gaps in the soil and hinder the growth of crops. Therefore, oily wastewater needs to be treated before it can be discharged. ? 污油泥處理的工藝是什么？ 含油廢水來源包括石油、化學(xué)等工業(yè)部門。經(jīng)常使用聚集、受傷、過濾等方法。根據(jù)生產(chǎn)的含油廢水水質(zhì)特色和出水水質(zhì)要求，污水處理工藝應(yīng)采用生物處理達到預(yù)期目的，可供挑選的處理工藝如下： What is the process of sludge treatment? Sources of oily wastewater include petroleum, chemical and other industrial sectors. Aggregation, injury, and filtering are often used. According to the quality characteristics and effluent quality requirements of oil-bearing wastewater produced, biological treatment should be adopted for wastewater treatment to achieve the expected purpose. The alternative treatment processes are as follows: ? 1.含油廢水處理鹽析法 含油廢水處理鹽析法的基本原理是壓縮水面界面上正電層的厚度，穩(wěn)定油立。單純鹽析法投藥量大(1%~5%)，收斂速度慢，沉降分離一般在24h以上，設(shè)備占地面積大，表層活性劑穩(wěn)定的乳化液的處理效果也不好。但是該法操作簡單，成本低，所以使用較多，作為初級處理，應(yīng)用更廣泛。 Salting out method for treating oily wastewater The basic principle of salting out method for treating oil-bearing wastewater is to compress the thickness of the positive layer on the surface of water and stabilize the oil. Simple salting-out method has large dosage (1%~5%), slow convergence speed, sedimentation and separation generally more than 24h, equipment covers a large area, and the treatment effect of surfactant stabilized emulsion is not good. But this method is simple to operate, low cost, so it is used more, as a primary treatment, more widely used. ? 2.含油廢水處理絮凝方法 常用的無機混凝劑是鋁鹽和鐵鹽，特別是近年來出現(xiàn)的無機高分子混凝劑(如聚合硫酸鐵和聚合氯化鋁等)，因其使用量少、效率高、pH值范圍廣等優(yōu)點而備受關(guān)注。武器凝固劑處理速度快，比鹽析法小型化，但藥劑昂貴，泥漿生成量大。目前，有機高分子混凝劑在含油廢水處理方面可以作為其他方法的助劑。 2. Flocculation method for treatment of oily wastewater The commonly used inorganic coagulants are aluminum salt and iron salt, especially the inorganic polymer coagulants (such as polymeric ferric sulfate and polymeric aluminum chloride, etc.), which have attracted much attention due to their advantages of low usage, high efficiency and wide pH range. Weapon coagulant is faster and smaller than salting-out method, but it is expensive and produces large amount of mud. At present, organic polymer coagulants can be used as additives in the treatment of oily wastewater. ? 3.含油廢水處理電絮凝脫脂方法 金屬鋁或鐵用陽極電解處理含油廢水的方法主要應(yīng)用于機械加工工業(yè)中冷卻潤滑油化學(xué)凝固后的二次處理。電凝的優(yōu)點是處理效果好、占地面積小、操作簡單、渣量相對少，但缺點是陽極金屬消耗量大、需要大量鹽類作為助劑、耗電量高、操作成本高。 3. Electric flocculation degreasing method for oily wastewater treatment The anodic electrolysis of aluminum or iron to treat oily wastewater is mainly used in the secondary treatment of cooling lubricating oil after chemical solidification in machining industry. The advantages of electrocoagulation are good treatment effect, small occupation area, simple operation and relatively less slag, but the disadvantages are large consumption of anode metal, the need for a large amount of salt as additives, high power consumption and high operating cost. ? 4.含油廢水處理粗?；椒? 粗?；椒撚偷男Чc表層活性劑的存在和數(shù)量多少有關(guān)。微量表層活性劑的存在可以組織粗糙顆?；驳男Ч赃@種方法對含有表層活性劑的乳化油污水的脫油沒有效果。粗糙的顆?；ú恍枰砑踊瘜W(xué)藥品，沒有二次污染，設(shè)備占地面積小，基礎(chǔ)成本低，前景好，但流出含量高，需要經(jīng)常進一步深入處理。 4. Crude granulation method for treatment of oil-bearing wastewater The deoiling effect of coarse-granulation method depends on the presence and quantity of surfactant. The presence of trace surfactants can prevent the effect of coarse granulation bed, so this method has no effect on deoiling emulsified wastewater containing surfactants. The coarse granulation method does not require the addition of chemicals, has no secondary pollution, the equipment occupies a small area, the basic cost is low, and the prospects are good, but the outflow content is high, requiring frequent further treatment.